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Solar Charging Batteries In Parallel Solar Battery Tester Ba7 Manual. Solar Charging Batteries In Parallel Lithium Ion Batteries Solar Solar Charging Batteries In. Solar Thermal is NOT Dead. Patch Rumo Ao Estrelato Pes 2009 more. An article written by Martin Holladay, Solar Thermal is Dead, was published by GBAGreen. Building. Advisor. March 2. 3, 2. 01. Solar Thermal is Really, Really Dead followed it on December 2. The premise of these articles is that solar thermal is dead because Its now cheaper to use a photovoltaicPV Generation of electricity directly from sunlight. A photovoltaic cell has no moving parts electrons are energized by sunlight and result in current flow. These two articles have been very widely circulated and remain very much with us today. As one example, I recently Googled solar domestic water heater and these articles came up 2. It is my duty, as a fervent solar thermal advocate, to offer the other side. Editors note The author owns a company that sells equipment for solar thermal systems and radiant floor heating systems. Martins articles miss the mark in some important areas. First of all, Martins broad statement that Solar Thermal is Really, Really Dead, based upon one domestic hot water comparison, goes way too far. Even if the analysis was correct and it is not, solar thermal encompasses production of domestic hot water DHW, space heating, radiant underfloor heating, snow melting, root zone heating for gardens, compost production, crop drying, pool heating, and more. Martin is speaking for the talents and creativity of many people, and while I personally admire Martins many contributions to green energy in this space, these two articles are not among them. Let me first discuss the comparison between solar thermal and PV and then discuss the potential of solar thermal in general. Solar thermal is more efficient. To begin with, solar thermal collectors are about five times more efficient than PV panels, and that is a very important consideration. There are many different ways to view the relative efficiencies of PV panels and thermal collectors. One method is to look at peak performance, or what the collectors do under ideal conditions. DIVERTERVALVEKIT.jpg' alt='Game Solar Pool Heater Manual' title='Game Solar Pool Heater Manual' />The other way is to apply a performance factor which accounts for the fact that collectors do not always operate under ideal conditions. The peaking performance of the typical PV panel is about 1. The peaking performance of the typical flat plate solar collector is about 7. Wikipedia. That is 4. If we apply the performance factor then we will see what will happen in the real world. The performance factor for PV is about 6. All of that means that we will get to keep about 1. The season seven premiere of Game of Thrones is almost upon us. Before all the glorious killing begins this Sunday, why not make watching the show a bit more interestingPV panels and about 5. Either way, solar thermal collectors harvest about five times as much energy as PV. Aprendiendo A Trabajar Pdf on this page. It means that if we want to make useful energy from the sun, it will take almost five times the solar panel area with PV as it will with solar thermal. Game Solar Pool Heater Manual' title='Game Solar Pool Heater Manual' />This matters because there is only so much good south facing area on a typical building. If solar thermal panels cost about the same as PV panels, it will cost almost five times as much money. These simple efficiency observations are not the whole story of the comparison between PV and solar thermal but they are certainly the beginning. Then, we must consider the money value of the energy produced, the effectiveness of its utilization, the ability of the energy to be stored and other important factors. But this snapshot of efficiency tells us something about what PV is up against. It is also clear that we do not get a tremendous amount of energy from solar collectors of either kind. The sun is a gentle form of energy to begin with and we only get 1. PV. We must use it wisely and efficiently, but it does work, both economically and technically. PV panels produce electricity solar thermal collectors make heat. To be fair, PV panels produce electrical energy and electricity is wonderful stuff. It has a much higher value than simple thermal energy. It can be used for all kinds of things and our lives would be much poorer without it, but my point is that PV is just not a good way to make bathwater or space heat. It is inherently wasteful. The conversion efficiency or so called heat rate of electrical utility generation is about 3. The only reason that electric cars make sense is because the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is much less than that 2. Thermal energy is also useful to us and we need a lot of it. Between space heating, domestic warm water production, clothes drying, and cooking, a major portion of residential energy consumption is thermal. The remainder that really requires the higher quality of electricity is actually quite small. Environmentalists are telling us that If you want electricity, then PV is a good way to do that, but if all you want is simple thermal, then you should go with simple thermal solar collectors in the first place because they are much more efficient and environmentally appropriate. Much is being said about PV costs having come down. It is true and a wonderful thing that PV costs have come down dramatically in recent times, but they still cost more than solar thermal collectors and they produce so much less useful energy. There is really no indication that PV costs will continue to come down. In fact the current low costs of PV seem to be related to predatory pricing practices in the world markets and they may not be sustainable, but let us hope. Martin used a system cost of about 1. That is too high. In a later analysis he offered the option of using 6,0. I find that more reasonable. It is arguable what a two panel solar thermal water heater should cost, but if you give me your credit card number, I will send one out for 5,3. This will buy you the materials, in kit form, for a glycol based solar domestic water heater, which is the preferred method. Change Game Language Ps3'>Change Game Language Ps3. Antifreeze based systems are more reliable. In my humble opinion, a solar thermal system should run on antifreeze, even in Florida. Key West, Florida is the only city in the continental United States that has never suffered a freezing event. Antifreeze will prevent freezing, boiling over, and corrosion. Glycol systems cost a little more than drain backs and drain downs, but they are worth it because of the avoided problems and higher efficiency. Antifreeze in a solar thermal system does not need to be replaced every two years as in an automobile because there is no exposure to ambient air. The solar thermal system using glycol has only one moving part, the pump, and the glycol lubricates the pump for very long service life. Glycol solutions have been lasting more than 2. If a glycol solar thermal system fails or if the power goes out, it goes to a fail safe condition. The only true maintenance item with solar thermal systems has been exterior pipe insulation which seems to last about 2. UV inhibitors. Glycol systems can also be used for other things as well as DHW. Installation should cost about 1,5. If no one will do it for that, then do it yourself. If you buy a good kit and you have a good installation manual and you are a reasonably competent do it yourselfer, the results will be excellent. Martin seems to have counted the cost of the storage tank twice in his comparison between solar thermal and heat pump powered DHW. Heat pump water heaters take heat from the ambient air. There is at least one efficiency problem with heat pump water heaters They rob Peter to pay Paul. The First Law of Thermodynamics informs us that energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be moved.